| Viscosity Classifications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynamic viscosity Kinematic viscosity Viscosity Index (VI) ISO 3448 Viscosity classification AGMA 9005-D94 Viscosity classification for gear oils SAE J300 Automotive Viscosity classification, engine oils SAE J306 Automotive Viscosity classification, gear oils Comparative Viscosity Classifications Calculators: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynamic viscosity [mPa·s = cP] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The dynamic viscosity is the viscosity that relates shear stress τ and shear rate du/dz in a fluid, i.e. τ=η du/dz. The viscous shear stress τ is proportional to the shear rate, the dynamic viscosity η being the proportionality factor. So, thicker oils have a higher viscosity value causing relatively higher shear stresses at the same shear rate. Dynamic viscosities are usually measured under high shear conditions, for example, the cone on plate or cylinder viscometer in which the viscous shear torque is measured between two cylinders. With the viscosity known at two reference temperatures the viscosity can be calculated for intermediate temperatures with specific interpolation functions those from Reynolds or Vogel & Cameron. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Kinematic viscosity [mm2/s = cSt] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The kinematic viscosity is the quotient of the dynamic viscosity η and the fluid density ρ, ν=η/ρ. The physical principle of measurement is based on the rate at which a fluid flows under gravity through a capillary tube. With the viscosity known at two reference temperatures the viscosity can be calculated for intermediate temperatures using the interpolation function of Ubbelohde-Walther, which is adopted by ASTM D341. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Viscosity Index ISO 2909 / ASTM D2270-226 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| In many cases the temperature dependency is expressed in the Viscosity Index standardized by ISO 2909 / ASTM D2270-226. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ISO 3448 Viscosity classification | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The ISO viscosity classification is recommended for industrial applications. The reference temperature of 40 °C represents the operating temperature in machinery. Each subsequent Viscosity grade (VG) within the classification has approximately a 50% higher viscosity, whereas the minimum en maximum values of each grade ranges ±10% from the mid point. For example, ISO VG 22 refers to a viscosity grade of 22 cSt ± 10% at 40°C. The viscosity at different temperatures can be calculated using the viscosity at 40°C and the viscosity index (VI), which represents the temperature dependency of the lubricant.
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| AGMA 9005-D94 Viscosity classification for gear oils | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| SAE Viscosity Grades for Engine Oils1 — SAE J300 Dec 99 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
The actual viscosity grade of a lubricant is determined by the Society of Automotive Engineers, for example SAE-15W40 for a multigrade oil and SAE-40 for a monograde oil. The first number (15W) refers to the viscosity grade at low temperatures (W from winter), whereas the second number (40) refers to the viscosity grade at high temperature.
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| SAE Viscosity of Automotive Gear Oilsa — SAE J306 Jan 2005 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Comparative Viscosity Classifications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
specified at low temperature.SAE 90 to 250 and 20 to 50 are specified at 100 deg C. Viscosities can be related horizontally assuming 96 VI single grade oils. Rule of Thumb: SUS @ 100ºF / 5 = cSt @ 40ºC. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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